5^th International Conference on Battery and Fuel cell Technology October 23-24, 2023 Hamburg, Germany

The concept of a bioelectric battery that could be directly implanted into the body with body fluid as electrolyte has existed since the 1970s  as body fluids contain various ions suitable for use as electrolyte. The first biodegradable battery with bioresorbable metallic electrodes was reported by Rogers' group in 2014 . The Mg/Mo system delivered a stable voltage output of 1.5–1.6 V for up to 6 h, and electrodes were partially degraded after 11 d in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°. 

Battery  is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections connected to energize the electrical devices. A battery has a cathode, and an anode. The name "battery" commonly denoted to a device composed of multiple cells, yet the procedure has advanced to additionally include devices consisting of a single cell. Batteries are categorized into primary and secondary types primary battery such as alkaline battery , leclanché cell, lithium battery  are irreversibly transforming chemical energy to electrical energy. Secondary battery such as flow battery, fuel cell, lead acid battery  etc. can be recharged; that is, they can reverse their chemical reactions by supplying electrical energy to the battery, by restoring their original composition.

Most battery types employ aqueous electrolytes since the invention of Voltaic piles in the late 18th century. To date, two battery technologies dominate nearly the entire market of batteries; they are lead–acid batteries and LIBs. The climate crisis insinuated by the recent record-breaking extreme weather calls upon the revolutionary transformation of our energy industry based on fossil fuels to focusing on renewables such as solar and wind. However, a high percentage of electricity from renewables demand the massive installation of energy-storage capacity. It is predicted by BloombergNEF that the global storage capacity excluding pumped hydro storage (PHS) will increase from 9 GW currently to more than 1095 GW 

Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries  for hybrid vehicles or different tools. Secondary Battery such as Lithium batteries are used in various types of mobile devices, including communication equipment, computers, entertainment devices, power tools, toys, games, lighting and medical devices. Mostly in transportation the lithium secondary batteries stimulated to reduce carbon emissions in the Kyoto Protocol and demand for eco-friendly vehicles through CARB(California Air Resource Board). The Toyota Prius was the first commercial HEV. This vehicle uses NIMH Batteries for power sources and presents a solution to the problem of high power density.

Nano batteries  are fabricated batteries employing technology at the Nano scale, a scale of microscopic particles that amount less than 100 nanometres or 10−7 meters. In contrast, out-dated Li- ion battery uses active materials, such as cobalt-oxide, with atoms or particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometres (5000 and 20000 nanometres - over 100 times Nano scale). It is hoped that Nano- engineering will improve many of the inadequacies of present battery technology, such as recharging time and battery 'memory'. Several companies are exploring and emerging these technologies. In March 2005, Toshiba announced that they had a new Lithium ion battery   consists a  nanostructured lattice at the positive and negative terminals that permits the battery to recharge a astonishing eighty times quicker than previously. Prototype models were able to charge to eighty per cent capacity in one minute, and were one hundred per cent recharged after 10 minutes.

Fuel cells are categorized mainly by the kind of electrolyte they employ. This classification determines the kind of electro-chemical reactions that take place in the cell, the kind of catalysts required, the temperature range in which the cell operates, the fuel required, and other factors. These characteristics, in turn, affect the applications for which these cells are most suitable. There are several types of fuel cells currently under development, each with its own advantages, limitations, and potential applications. The following types of fuel cells are Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells ,direct methanol fuel cells alkaline fuel cells Phosphoric acid fuel cells, Molten carbonate fuel cells, Solid oxide fuel cells, Reversible fuel cells

Fuel cells  at present outlines fuel cells for transportation as any units that deliver propulsive electricity to a vehicle, directly or indirectly. Forklift trucks and other goods control vehicles such as airport luggage automobiles , Two- and three-wheeler automobiles such as scooters, light duty vehicles  . Protable fuel cells  as those which are made into products that are designed to be moved. These include military applications Auxiliary power Units for the leisure and trucking industries, portable products  such as torches, vine trimmers, small Personal electronics  such as mp3 players, cameras etc,  large personal electronics namely laptops, printers, radios, education kits and toys.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) research is a rapidly evolving field that lacks established terminology and methods for the analysis of system performance. This makes it difficult for researchers to compare devices on an equivalent basis. The construction and analysis of MFCs requires knowledge of different scientific and engineering fields, ranging from microbiology and electrochemistry to materials and environmental engineering. Describing MFC systems therefore involves an understanding of these different scientific and engineering principles. In this paper, we provide a review of the different materials and methods used to construct MFCs, techniques used to analyze system performance, and recommendations on what information to include in MFC studies and the most useful ways to present results.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered as one promising clean and highly efficient power generation technology in 21st century. Current PEMFC operating at low temperatures (<80 °C) encounters several difficulties, such as CO tolerance, heat rejection, which can be, to a great extent, surmounted at higher temperatures (120–150 °C). However, the higher temperature conditions are much more challenging to implement, particularly with regards to the durability of the cell component materials. This paper overviews the drivers behind the interest in high-temperature PEMFC, and the challenges in developing novel materials to enable high-temperature PEMFC, including cell component durability (catalysts, polymer, bipolar plates, etc.), candidate polyelectrolytes for the electrode catalyst layer, and material compatibility in novel membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and provides an insight into the material research and development for PEMFC.

Battery electric vehicles (EVs) (BEVs) are highly expected in China for reducing environmental emission in the transport sector because of BEVs’ zero emission during use and high energy efficiency. This chapter first reviews the current situations of EVs’ ownership and usage in China and then analyzes the attitude and purchase intention to BEVs by considering the impacts of various BEV ownership stimulation policies in China (such as license-plate lottery and BEV subsidies). Considering the limited cruising range of BEVs, this chapter further investigates the usage behavior of BEV drivers, by establishing a BEV drivers’ charging and route choice behavior model based on a stated preference data, for identifying influential factors. Finally, a charging choice model accommodating the charging demand estimation and locations of chargers is developed and estimated. All empirical studies are conducted in Beijing. Both behavioral and policy implications of estimation results are extensively discussed.

Battery raw materials are used in the production of various types of batteries, which are used in a wide range of applications, including: Consumer electronics: Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other consumer electronics devices.